Letter G Dictionary

G-7

Abbreviation for the Group of Seven, or the seven largest industrialized countries

G-8

The group of G-7 countries, plus Russia.

GAAP

Acronym for generally Accepted Accounting Principles, which refers to a widely accepted set of rules

Gabon Franc

The currency of Gabon.

gaijin

A Japanese term used to describe non-Japanese investors who invest in Japanese securities.

gain

An increase in value of an asset. Opposite of loss.

Gambian Dalasi

The currency of Gambia.

gamble

To engage in an activity in which money is put at risk

gamma

A measurement of how fast delta changes, given a unit change in the futures price.

GAO

Acronym for General Accounting Office

gap

The significant price movement of a security or commodity between two trading sessions

garage

The section of the floor on the north side of the NYSE’s main trading floor.

garbatrage

A term used to describe rising prices and volume throughout a sector

garnishing

The situation in which an employer is instructed by a court

gather in the stops

A type of trading strategy in which investors sell stocks to drive prices

GATT

Acronym for General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, which refers to the treaty organization

GBP

The ISO currency code for the British Pound.

GDP

Gross Domestic Product – GDP

GDP and Output Reports by Country

Overview – GDP and output reports

GDP Deflator – Japan

Broad gauge of inflationary pressures.

GDP implicit price deflator

The current dollar GDP divided by constant dollar GDP.

GDP Price Index – United States

Measures changes in the prices of goods and services that are included in US GDP.

GDR

Acronym for Global Depositary Receipt, which refers to a negotiable certificate

gearing

In finance, gearing is the general term used to describe the ratio between an investor’s market

GEL

The ISO currency code for the Georgia Lari.

general account

A margin account provided to a customer by a particular brokerage.

General Accounting Office

Abbreviated as GAO, refers to the arm of Congress

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

Abbreviated as GATT. Treaty organization affiliated with the United Nations

general and administrative overhead

The costs necessary for operations but not directly associated with developing a product or service.

general ledger

A book of final entry summarizing all of a firm’s financial transactions

general lien

A lien applied to all goods, not just the goods giving rise to the debt

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles

Abbreviated as GAAP, refers to a widely accepted set of rules, conventions, standards, and procedures

general mortgage

A mortgage which covers not a specific property, but all the mortgageable properties of the borrower.

General Obligation Bond

A municipal bond secured by the taxing and borrowing power of the municipality issuing it.

general partner

A partner with unlimited legal responsibility for the debts and liabilities of a partnership.

general partnership

A business partnership featuring at least two partners in which each partner is liable for any debts taken on by the business.

General Securities Representative Examination

The exam required for the Series 7 licens, a license required by those seeking…

generation-skipping transfer

A trust or similar arrangement in which the beneficiary is two or more generations younger than the donor, for tax purposes.

geometric mean

A figure in a set of positive data that is defined as the nth root of the product…

Georgia Lari

The currency of Georgia.See GoCurrency World Currencies Page & Currency Converter

German Import Price Index – German – Euro-zone

Measures the change in prices for goods imported by Germany . The Import Price…

German Mark

The former currency of German. ISO international currency code: DEM and…

GfK Consumer Confidence – German – Euro-zone

Consumer Confidence measures the level of confidence households have in economic…

Ghana Cedi

The currency of Ghana. Learn more about the Ghananian cedi and Ghana at GoCurrency.com

GHC

The ISO currency code for the Ghana Cedi. Learn more about the Ghananian cedi and Ghana at GoCurrency.com

ghosting

The collaboration among two or more market makers to manipulate a stock’s price….

Gibraltar Pound

The currency of Gibraltar.See GoCurrency World Currencies Page & Currency Converter

GIC

Acronym for guaranteed Investment Contract, which refers to the debt instrument…

gift tax

A graduated tax assessed against a person who gives money or an asset to another person without receiving fair compensation.

gilt

A bond issued by the UK government, and is the UK equivalent of a U.S. Treasury security.

gilt-edged

The attribute of a stock of belonging to high-quality, blue chip companies.

Ginnie Mae

The Government National Mortgage Association.

Ginnie Mae pass-through

A fixed-income security that represents an undivided interest in a pool of federally…

Ginnie Mae trust

A closed-end unit investment trust, investing in Ginnie Mae pass-throughs.

GIP

The ISO currency code for the Gibraltar Pound.

give up

A term used to describe a transaction between three brokers where one does not use his or her name.

Glass-Steagall Act

A 1933 Congressional law that successed in authorizing deposit insurance and prohibiting commercial banks from owning brokerages.

global

Having the quality of being international, worldwide.

global bond

A bond issued and traded outside the country, in a foreign currency. Also known as Eurobond.

Global Depositary Receipt

Abbreviated as GDR, which refers to a negotiable certificate held in the bank…

global fund

A mutual fund investing in stocks or bonds throughout the world, including the U.S. Also known as world fund.

globalization

Globalization is a broad term used widely to describe the cultural, economic,…

GLOBEX

A global after-hours electronic trading system.

GMD

The ISO currency code for the Gambian Dalasi. Learn more about the Gambian dalasi and Gambia at GoCurrency.com

GNF

The ISO currency code for the Guinea Franc.

GNMA

Acronym for Government National Mortgage Association, which refers to a government-owned…

gnomes

Slang for the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation’s 15-year fixed-rate pass-through securities.

GNP

Acronym for Gross National Product, which refers to the total value of all final…

goal

An objective or target, generally driven by specific future financial needs.

going ahead

A broker’s trading for his or her own account before filling his/her customers’…

going concern

The idea that a firm will continue to operate indefinitely, and will not go out of business and liquidate its assets.

going-concern value

The value of a firm as an operating venture. The difference between the liquidation…

going long

The purchasing of an investment, mostly commonly referred to in the case of…

going private

The repurchasing of all of a firm’s outstanding stock by employees or a private investor. Opposite of going public.

going public

The performing of an initial public offering. Opposite of going private.

going short

Taking a short position. Opposite of going long.

gold bond

A bond backed by gold, often issued by gold mining companies.

gold brick

An ostensibly intelligent investment that turns out to be worthless or fraudulent.

goldbug

An investor who is generally bullish on gold prices, or who often invests in gold.

golden boot

A financial incentive for a worker to retire early.

golden handcuffs

The rewards and penalties designed to discourage key employees from leaving a firm.

golden handshake

A large payment made by a firm to a senior executive upon termination of employment before his or her contract ends.

golden parachute

A clause in an executive’s employment contract specifying that he or she will…

gold fixing

The twice-daily setting of the price of gold by specialists in London, Paris,…

goldilocks economy

A term used to describe the U.S. economy of the mid- and late-1990s as neither too hot nor too cold.

Gold Pool

Representatives of seven countries who tried unsuccessfully to stabilize the…

gold standard

A monetary system that backs its currency with a reserve of gold, and allows…

good delivery

A confirmation indicating that a certificate has the necessary endorsements…

good faith

The observance of honorable intent in business relations and the avoidance of…

good faith deposit

A deposit paid by a buyer to a seller to demonstrate intention to complete the purchase. Also known as earnest money.

goods

Any form of products, or more specifically, products that economists feel satisfies a market need.

Goods and Services Imports – United States

Measures the value of goods and services that enter the United States for sale…

Good Til Canceled

An intangible asset which provides a competitive advantage, such as a strong brand, reputation, or high employee morale.

good title

A title that is free of liens and legal questions as to ownership of the property….

goodwill

An intangible asset which provides a competitive advantage, such as a strong brand, reputation, or high employee morale.

Government Bond

Government debt backed by the credit worthiness and taxing power of a country…

government enterprise

A government-sponsored business activity, such as a public utility.

government expenditure

Also known as Government spending. Along with consumer and business spending,…

Government Expenditures – Euro-zone

The value of spending by Euro-zone governments. Euro-zone Government Expenditures…

government mortgage

A mortgage which is insured by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), or…

Government National Mortgage Association

Abbreviated as GNMA or Ginnie Mae. A government-owned agency which buys mortgages…

Government Paper

Any debt security, such as a Treasury Bill or a Ginnie Mae, either guaranteed by the issuer or backed by the U.S. government.

governments

Any securities issued by the U.S. federal government or its agencies.

government securities

Securities issued by a government to raise the funds necessary to pay for its expenses.

Government Securities Clearing Corporation

Abbreviated as GSCC, refers to an affiliate of the National Securities Clearing…

Government Spending – Germany – Euro-zone

Represents public expenditure by the German government. The government budget…

grace period

The additional period of time a lender or insurance policy issuer provides for…

grade

A quality rating, such as for a commodity.

graduated payment

A repayment condition in which payments gradually increase at a predetermined…

graduated security

A type of security which has moved from one exchange to another; often from AMEX or Nasdaq to NYSE.

graduated vesting

A characteristic of some retirement plans that provides for accelerated benefits with increased age or years of service.

Graham and Dodd

Benjamin Graham and David Dodd, the authors of the classic investing book Security Analysis.

grandfather clause

An allowable continuance, based on practice prior to legislation, of a practice now forbidden by new legislation.

grant

Any kind of funding for a nonprofit organization, generally for a specific project.

grant date

The date on which an employee receives a stock option.

grantee

The recipient of a grant.

Grant Harding

Developer. Genius.

grantor

The person from whom a grant is made or a trust is set up.

gratis

Free, costing nothing, or done without fee, reward or consideration.Coming…

gratuity

See tip.

graveyard market

A type of bear market characterized by a reluctance to sell in the face of substantial…

gray knight

A potential acquirer which outbids a white knight in pursuit of its own best…

GRD

The ISO currency code for the Greek Drachma.

Great Depression

The worldwide economic collapse following the stock market crash in 1929, in…

greater fool theory

The belief held by one who makes a questionable investment, with the assumption…

Greek Drachma

The currency of Greece until 1 January 1999, when it was superseded by the euro….

greenback

The slang term for U. S. paper currency. They are issued by the U. S. Department…

green investing

The investment of environmentally-friendly projects.

Greenland Krone

The currency of Greenland. Greenland the Danish Krone. ISO international…

greenmail

A premium paid to a raider to get him/her to terminate a takeover attempt.

green shoe

A provision in an underwriting agreement which allows members of the underwriting…

Grenada Dollar

The currency of Grenada.See GoCurrency World Currencies Page & Currency Converter

gross

The total amount before anything is deducted.

gross capitalized cost

In car leasing, the price the buyer and the dealer have agreed to for the car,…

Gross Domestic Product

Gross Domestic Product – GDP Measures the value of goods and services produced…

Gross Domestic Product – Euro-zone

Measure of the total value of goods and services produced by Euro-zone nations….

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) – New Zealand

A comprehensive measure of a New Zealand ‘s overall production and consumption…

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) – Australia

The market value of all final goods and services produced in Australia during…

Gross Domestic Product Quarterly (GDP) – Japan

The Gross Domestic Product is a comprehensive measure of a Japan ‘s overall…

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) – Switzerland

Switzerland ‘s Gross Domestic Product is the value of all final goods and services…

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) – UK

An indicator for broad overall growth in the United Kingdom. Robust UK GDP growth…

Gross Domestic Product – GDP – United States

The GDP for the United States is a gauge of the overall output (goods &…

Gross Domestic Product Quarterly (GDP) – Canada

A comprehensive measure of a Canada ‘s overall production and consumption of…

Gross Domestic Product Quarterly (GDP) – France

The Gross Domestic Product is a comprehensive measure of a France’s overall…

gross earnings

An individual’s taxable income prior to any appropriate adjustments are made.

gross estate

The total value of a person’s estate before any deductions are made for taxes,…

Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) – Euro-zone

A measure of European investment in capital goods. Fixed capital investments…

gross income

The pre-tax net sales minus cost of sales. Also known as gross profit.

gross lease

A property lease in which the landlord agrees to pay all expenses which are…

gross margin

The gross income divided by net sales, expressed as a percentage. Gross margins…

Gross National Debt

The total amount of outstanding public and private debt in a country.

Gross National Product

Abbreviated as GNP. GDP plus the income accruing to domestic residents as a…

gross proceeds

The total amount generated from an initial public offering.

gross profit

Calculated as sales minus all costs directly related to those sales. These costs…

gross profit margin

The remains from sales after a firm pays out the cost of goods sold. To obtain…

gross revenue

The revenue minus cost of goods sold.

gross sales

The total invoice value of sales, before deducting for customer discounts, allowances, or returns.

gross spread

The difference between the price of a security paid by the underwriter and the…

ground floor

The first stage of a new venture or investment opportunity.

ground lease

A lease in which only the land is rented. Also known as land lease.

group certificate

A written notification confirming an employee’s membership in a group plan and detailing the resulting benefits.

group insurance

A kind of insurance issued to a group, such as an employer, credit union, or…

group IRA

An IRA established by an employer for its employees or by a group representing employees for its members.

group sale

A securities sale shared (pro rata) by all syndicate members, as opposed to…

growing equity mortgage

Mortgage which has a fixed interest rate and increasing monthly payments.

growth

1 Economic growth is usually measured by the gross domestic product which considers…

growth and income fund

A mutual fund whose aim is to provide both growth and income, often by investing…

growth fund

A mutual fund whose aim is to achieve capital appreciation by investing in growth…

growth industry

An industry that is growing earnings and/or revenue faster than the overall…

growth investing

An investment strategy that seeks out strong stocks. Specifically seeking companies…

growth rate

Growth rates may measure the percentages change in revenue, net income, earnings…

growth stock

The stock of a firm which is growing earnings and/or revenue faster than its…

growth strategy

A strategy based on investing in companies and sectors which are growing faster…

GSCC

Abbreviated as Government Securities Clearing Corporation. An affiliate of the…

GTC

Abbreviated as Good Til Canceled. An order to buy or sell which remains in effect…

GTQ

The ISO currency code for the Guatemala Quetzal. Learn more about the Guatemalan quetzal and Guatemala at GoCurrency.com

Guadaloupe Franc

The currency of Guadaloupe.See GoCurrency World Currencies Page & Currency Converter

Guam Dollar

The currency of Guam.See GoCurrency World Currencies Page & Currency Converter

guarantee

To accept responsibility for an obligation if the entity with primary responsibility for the obligation does not meet it.

guaranteed bond

A corporate bond whose principal and/or interest payments are guaranteed by a corporation other than the issuer.

guaranteed insurability

An insurance policy in which the insurer is required to renew the policy for…

Guaranteed Investment Contract

Abbreviated as GIC. Debt instrument issued by an insurance firm, generally in…

guaranteed renewable

An insurance policy in which the insurer is required to renew the policy for…

guaranteed stock

The preferred or common stock of one corporation whose dividends are guaranteed…

guarantee letter

A letter from a commercial bank guaranteeing payment of the exercise price…

guarantor

One who guarantees an obligation and has a legal duty to fulfill it.

guardian

A person legally entrusted with the care of, and managing the property and rights of, another person, generally a minor.

Guatemalan Quetzal

The currency of Guatemala. Learn more about the Guatemalan quetzal and Guatemala at GoCurrency.com

Guernsey Pound

The currency of Guernsey.See GoCurrency World Currencies Page & Currency Converter

guidance

Any form of information, generally provided by a firm director, about the firm’s outlook, especially in terms of earnings.

Guinea-Bissau Franc

The currency of Guinea-Bissau.Learn more about Currencies

Guinea Franc

The currency of Guinea.Learn more about Currencies

gun jumping

The trading on information which has not yet be revealed to the public. Also known as jumping the gun.

gunslinger

A portfolio manager.

Guyana Dollar

The currency of Guyana. Learn more about the Guyanese dollar and Guyana at GoCurrency.com

GYD

The ISO currency code for the Guyana Dollar. Learn more about the Guyanese dollar and Guyana at GoCurrency.com